Menominee Reservation

The Menominee Reservation covers about 235,000 acres of northeastern Wisconsin, almost exactly the same land as Menominee County, along the Wolf River. The Menominee, whose own name Mamaceqtaw means 'the people,' once held about 10 million acres, and the 1854 treaty left them this reservation. They are known for their forest. Through sustained-yield logging, the tribe has harvested more than 2 billion board feet of timber since 1870 while the volume of standing trees actually grew, and in 1994 its forest became the first in the U.S. certified by the Forest Stewardship Council.

In 1961 Congress terminated federal recognition of the Menominee, turning the reservation into Wisconsin's poorest county. A grassroots campaign led by Ada Deer and others won the Menominee Restoration Act, signed by President Nixon in 1973, which restored the tribe's status and became a turning point in federal Indian policy. The tribe governs from Keshena, has about 8,700 members, and founded the College of Menominee Nation in 1993.

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